Sống chung Covid-19 như thế nào?

Complications of COVID-19: DOES CORONA VIRUS MAKE ANY HAZARDS? when the pandemic of acute respiratory infections caused by Covid-19 broke out, has swept through many countries and territories. Worryingly, the elderly, people with underlying medical conditions, and people with weakened immune systems are at high risk for life-threatening complications from Covid-19. The article was consulted by Dr. Truong Huu Khanh, Head of the Department of Infection - Neurology, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, professional consultant of the Center for Immunization for Children and Adults VNVC. Complications of covid-19 How dangerous is Covid-19 disease? It can be said that Covid-19 is the disaster that has brought the heaviest damage to humanity since the second world war. After nearly a year, Covid-19 broke out in China, The epidemic continues to affect the lives of people around the world with unpredictable developments. Even, the disease continues to increase, although many countries have actively applied measures to prevent and control the disease. According to statistics of the Ministry of Health, the top 5 countries currently on the top of the Covid-19 epidemic are the United States, respectively (with more than 13 million cases, more than 250,000 deaths); India (with more than 9 million cases, more than 136,000 deaths); Brazil (with more than 6 million cases, more than 170,000 deaths); Russia (with more than 2 million cases, more than 30,000 deaths); France (with more than 2 million cases, more than 50,000 deaths). It can be seen that the Covid-19 wave is seriously threatening people's health, claiming the lives of millions of people around the world. More frightening, people infected with Covid-19 often have erratic and complicated developments. In the early stages, the disease progresses slowly and silently, but then many cases suddenly become severe, requiring oxygen, mechanical ventilation, or respiratory support. According to the results reported on 138 patients hospitalized due to Covid-19 by the American Medical Journal, 16.7% of patients developed cardiac arrhythmias; 7.2% of patients with acute heart damage, along with some other complications of Covid-19. Covid-19 is causing a higher cardiovascular-metabolic burden, complications of Covid-19 can appear in the heart and contaminate other internal organs due to the virus's toxins, causing: liver damage - Acute kidney failure, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children… List of extremely dangerous complications of Covid-19 1. Acute pneumonia From the time when China was still a destination the world's first hot, suffered the sweep of the Covid-19 wave, the analysis data has shown that acute pneumonia is the most common and dangerous complication of Covid-19 in patients. The lungs are the most favorite habitat and development environment for the virus that causes Covid-19. According to a virologist from the University of Maryland (USA), Professor Matthew B. Frieman said that the virus that causes Covid-19 attacks the lungs through three stages like SARS. Stage 1: In the early days of infection, the virus enters the lungs by breaking through the protective barrier of the respiratory system, and forms a viral reservoir. Many patients with Covid-19 have inflammation of both lungs and are accompanied by shortness of breath. Stage 2: before the massive invasion of the virus, the human body defends itself by strengthening immune cells to the lungs. If the immune cells are working properly, Being able to control inflammation limited to the infected part will bring a lot of benefits to the patient. However, in the case of an over-immune patient, the immune cells attack even the healthy cells, making the patient's condition worse. The case of the British pilot - a patient infected with Covid-19 being treated in our country, encountered this situation. Stage 3: Lung damage continues to spread, leading to acute respiratory failure, and death. Despite being saved, the patient suffered severe lung damage and could not be recovered. According to statistics on 113 cases of patients who died from Covid-19 at a hospital in China, all deaths were due to complications of pneumonia, acute respiratory failure and infection. 2. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complication of Covid-19. This syndrome occurs when a person's lungs are severely damaged by viral attacks, causing fluid to accumulate in the air sacs, which prevents oxygen from entering the blood and the rest of the body, thereby leading to a condition known as: respiratory failure and even death if the patient is not treated promptly. Because ARDS symptoms are not specific, the diagnosis can only be based on the following factors: rapidly increasing dyspnea, cyanosis of the lips, extremities; poor response to oxygen therapy; diffuse bilateral and progressive alveolar lesions (can be determined by chest X-ray); hypoxemia PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O. Because symptoms are not specific, doctors need to determine based on the patient's medical history, combined with physical examination for differential diagnosis with other respiratory diseases, thereby determining the optimal treatment method for the patient. If not treated promptly, acute respiratory failure can be fatal. According to the American Thoracic Society, the annual rate of ARDS in this country is 360,000 cases, of which 36% die during hospital stay. Depending on the cause of ARDS, this number may be higher. Treatment of ARDS is extremely difficult, patients have to carry oxygen machines with them wherever they go, or even have to undergo tracheostomy to support breathing in some cases. respiratory failure due to covid-19 3. Acute liver damage According to Reuters Health statistics, up to 54% of Covid-19 patients have abnormal progress in liver enzymes. Recently, Researchers from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (CU Medicine) also conducted a survey on 1,000 Covid-19 patients in this country, the results of liver damage were detected in about 20% of patients. Currently, scientists are continuing to conduct studies, to determine whether liver damage is directly related to the virus that causes Covid-19, or is caused by another factor. However, one thing is for sure, people with underlying medical conditions, including liver disease, have a higher risk of developing Covid-19 disease and progression than other Covid-19 infected patients, if not well controlled. So in the context of the complicated development of the Covid-19 pandemic, patients with liver dysfunction need to pay attention to carefully monitor their health status, use liver-protective drugs when necessary. Patients with severe liver damage should have an artificial liver hemodialysis system, which removes inflammatory mediators and prevents the cytokine storm (or cytokine release syndrome) that can be dangerous for the liver and other tissues. other agency. 4. Acute heart damage The Covid-19 epidemic significantly increases cardiovascular complications. According to a report by the American Medical Journal, out of 138 patients hospitalized due to Covid-19, 16.7% of patients developed cardiac arrhythmias; 7.2% of patients with acute heart injury including acute heart failure, myocarditis, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest, 70% of cardiovascular patients with myocardial damage caused by the Covid-19 virus have died. . Cardiovascular complications in patients infected with Covid-19 were similar to those in patients with SARS, MERS, and influenza. According to medical experts, Cardiovascular complications occur because the virus that causes Covid-19 suppresses the body's immune system, thereby increasing the risk of infection, reducing the oxygen content in the blood and causing cardiac arrhythmias. On the other hand, the attack of foreign viruses can cause an immune-stimulating response that creates a "false alarm" that stimulates nerve activity and increases blood pressure and heart rate. Studies on cardiovascular complications in Covid-19 patients are still ongoing. There have not been any reports on the incidence of cardiovascular complications between patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, cardiovascular patients need to be monitored regularly, take medication periodically and be aware that they are in a high-risk group for infection and severe progression when infected with Covid-19. However, not because of that, the patient is confused and worried, but keep a strong will, be careful, and be more conscious in protecting the health of themselves, their families and society. 5. Acute kidney injury (AKI) Not only attacks the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also damages the kidneys of people infected with the virus. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur even in populations with no prior history of kidney disease, increasing the risk of progression to chronic kidney disease in patients with COVID-19. AKI is found in about 15% of patients hospitalized with Covid-19, many of which require dialysis. Even if a person with Covid-19 requires intensive care (ICU), the rate of loss of kidney function is even higher than 20%. This has put heavy pressure on medical units and dialysis units, leading to a serious shortage of dialysis equipment, as well as well-trained human resources. Specializing in dialysis. According to doctor Truong Huu Khanh: “Complications of Covid-19 causing acute kidney damage are a concern of medical units around the world. The shortage of equipment, supplies and medical staff involved in the care of patients with acute kidney injury when infected with Covid-19, is a problem that we need to solve at this time. Otherwise, chronic kidney disease will be a long-term remnant of Covid-19, even if a vaccine against Covid-19 is widely available globally." 6. Secondary Infection A secondary infection is an infection of the body that is weakened by another infection. This is the first infection that is unrelated to the cause. For example, Candida infection in HIV/AIDS patients. The culprits of secondary infections are staphylococcus and streptococcus. Secondary infections can be encountered in patients with Covid-19, but are uncommon. (1) 7. Septic shock Septic shock (or septic shock) occurs when an infection in the body causes blood pressure to drop to an alarming level. This is a complicated and dangerous complication of an infection that can be life-threatening. Septic shock usually progresses in three stages: Sepsis: an infection that spreads to the bloodstream and spreads to the body; Severe sepsis affects the function of other organs such as brain, heart, kidneys, etc. Septic shock causes blood pressure to drop to alarming levels, leading to respiratory failure, heart failure, and heart failure. death if not treated promptly. 8. Disseminated intravascular coagulation Coagulation is a complication of Covid-19 that has just been discovered recently. French and Dutch studies conducted on Covid-19 patients show that up to 30% of patients develop a pulmonary embolism, and this happens when blood clots from deep veins in the legs travel to the legs. lung. Mount Sinai Health System of Manhattan (USA) recorded 5 cases of stroke caused by Covid-19, with signs of blood clotting. What worries scientists is the location of blood clots in Covid-19 patients. They appear in arterial catheters, and filters for patients with kidney failure. If blood clots are not treated, they will impede blood flow in the lungs, make it difficult to breathe, rapidly deteriorate the patient's health, and increase the risk of death. In addition, blood clots can also appear in other places in the body, causing damage to the heart, kidneys, and several other organs. 9. Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis occurs when skeletal muscle cells are damaged resulting in the release of a variety of substances in muscle cells into the bloodstream. This phenomenon leads to electrolyte disturbances, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, renal tubular obstruction causing acute renal failure (due to myoglobin release), progressive respiratory failure (ARDS), and disseminated intravascular coagulation. due to the release of active substances kinins, prostaglandins, serotonin)... Rhabdomyolysis can occur due to direct trauma, acute ischemia, acute intoxication or bacterial and viral infections. Rhabdomyolysis is an extremely rare complication of Covid-19. When complications are detected, doctors need to closely monitor them to prevent complications from progressing and the risk of death in patients. 10. Childhood Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is an inflammation of various parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, Kidneys, brain, digestive organs, etc. The cause of multisystem inflammatory syndrome has not been identified yet. However, this condition has been detected in children infected with Covid-19 or in close contact with patients infected with Covid-19. Children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome often have symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, neck pain, rash, red eyes, and fatigue. When experiencing the following signs, parents should immediately notify the treating doctor, because the disease has progressed seriously: difficulty breathing, chest pain, pale lips or face, severe abdominal pain, unable to wake up or stay awake. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome can cause a patient's health condition to become critical, even fatal. However, parents should not be too worried when finding out that their child has MIS-C but should strictly follow the treatment instructions of the doctors. for the patient's health to recover quickly. 11. Dermatology: rash, hair loss Six groups of symptoms in Covid-19 patients are classified by scientists as having almost basic manifestations such as fever, headache, cough, sore throat, ... However, Recently, scientists have continued to discover a new sign that is quite common in Covid-19 patients, which is hair loss and dermatological problems such as rashes. Specifically, a survey conducted on 1,100 Covid-19 patients showed that patients lost a lot of hair. Juli Fisher, a nurse who contracted Covid-19 in March, said she experienced most of the symptoms characteristic of Covid-19, but hair loss occurred more and more after a few weeks of illness. Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has not considered hair loss as an official symptom of Covid-19. however, it cannot be denied that hair loss still occurs in many patients (27%). 12. Nervous system: problems with smell, taste, difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, memory problems Nervous dysfunction is common in more than 80% of patients, with typical manifestations such as problems. smell, taste, trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, and memory problems. In rare cases, neurological dysfunction in Covid-19 patients can lead to death, as in the case of 19-year-old patient Chad Dorrill in the US. As a sophomore at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina (USA), with an open and promising future, Chad Dorrill shocked many people when suddenly unable to walk and died after contracting Covid. -19. On September 7, patient Chad Dorrill received a positive result for Covid-19, and was isolated for 10 days. After returning to school, the patient had severe neurological symptoms: unable to move his limbs. The doctor said that Chad's case is very rare, the virus not only attacks the respiratory system, but also affects the patient's brain. After Chad's death, the patient's mother said: "If this can happen to a healthy 19-year-old boy, it can happen to anyone." “Covid-19 causes so many tragic cases that happen every day around the world. From there, we need to seriously re-evaluate the impacts that the Covid-19 pandemic has on people's health. People need to be very careful and immediately report to health authorities when they have symptoms of the disease," said Doctor Truong Huu Khanh. 13. Psychiatric: depression, anxiety, mood swings Besides the effects on the patient's health, Covid-19 also has a significant impact on mental health. A quarter of adults in the US have symptoms of an anxiety disorder, and 800 psychologists and consultants in Singapore are on duty at a hotline for psychological and financial advice related to the Covid-19 epidemic. impact of covid-19 These are signals showing the negative impacts of the pandemic on people's spiritual life. Specifically, Covid-19 causes blood oxygen loss, affecting patient behavior; or loss of taste affects the patient's eating and health. On the other hand, according to the World Health Organization's warning, anti-epidemic measures can make people feel anxious, lonely, and lose sleep. Lockdowns can also increase domestic violence. Family service Whispering Hearts (Singapore) said, compared with the same period in April last year, the rate of domestic violence increased by 23%. Not to mention that the pandemic causes direct financial impacts, raising workers' concerns about job loss and salary reduction; Businesses are under pressure to pay bills and keep employees. Who is at risk for serious health problems from Covid-19? The rate of serious problems and high mortality from Covid-19 is up to 19% in patients over 70 years old, 10.5% in people with cardiovascular disease, 7.3% in people with diabetes... The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified 3 groups of subjects at high risk of Covid-19 disease and severe progression as follows: Elderly: the dangerous symptoms of the disease increase with age. . In people 65 years of age and older at greatest risk of severe symptoms; People with underlying medical conditions: 99% of Covid-19 deaths are people with chronic underlying conditions, such as heart disease, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, weakened immune system,…; Men and women are equally likely to contract the Covid-19 virus, but men may experience more serious complications and higher mortality rates, due to habits and behaviors in men such as less concern for the disease. , not having the habit of washing hands properly, regularly smoking and using alcoholic beverages, etc. subjects susceptible to covid-19 Covid-19 is a global disaster capable of depriving the most precious things in life. human life: health, money, relatives. Therefore, disease prevention, and immediately reporting to health authorities when symptoms appear is the most important and necessary thing that people need to pay attention to. Accompanying people in the fight against Covid-19, strengthening the body's immunity against infectious diseases,END=NAM MO BHAISAJYA-RAJA BODHISATTA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.25/8/2021.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THE WOMEN OF THE SAKYA CLAN CHAN TANH.